These are where the curds turn into cheese before your eyes as more whey drains off and the acidity of the curds rise. This continues until the curds are baked bean-size, whereupon the whey is drained off and the curds are transferred to vast steel ‘finishing’ tables. ‘If we hadn’t done something, 1,000 years of cheese-making here in Yorkshire would have ended,’ he tells me as we don white boots, coats and hairnets to go into the new dairy.īig cheese: Wensleydale was made even more famous by animator Nick Park’s creation, Wallace & Gromit He galvanised three colleagues and a local businessman and they bought it from Dairy Crest. So unpopular was the plan that when the Dairy Crest-sponsored cycling extravaganza, the Milk Race, rode through Hawes, the locals who lined the streets refrained from the usual cheering, instead remaining utterly silent in protest.Īt this point, David Hartley, then just a young worker at the creamery, decided something had to be done. The business thrived until 1992, when its owner, Dairy Crest, wanted to move production to (whisper it) Lancashire. The first proper creamery was built in Hawes, a beautiful market town in 1897, but was threatened with closure during the Thirties Depression until it was saved by Kit Calvert, son of a local quarryman. Wensleydale - a mild white, crumbly, tangy cheese - was first made in the 12th century by Cistercian monk settlers, before the local farmers’ wives caught on and started making it, too. The ‘Yorkshire’ bit matters: you can make it in Portsmouth and call it Wensleydale, but if you want proper Yorkshire Wensleydale, it has to be made in the county of its birth, thanks to its Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status. Cue one tractor, a flock of sheep and endless tourists driving slowly to admire the breathtaking scenery.īy the time we arrive it’s not far off lunchtime, and the queue of salivating shoppers waiting to samples the little cubes of cheese is practically round the block.įirst stop, though, is the spanking new dairy where Yorkshire Wensleydale is produced. Our second mistake was assuming the drive to Wensleydale Creamery in Hawes would go according to plan. That was our first mistake: this is Yorkshire, where they do things very much their own way, and that includes the weather. We fixed the date for my visit to Wensleydale, home of the famous cheese, for mid-July, hoping for glorious pictures of sun-dappled Dales. The first 4 letters of each word is unique in the list.Say cheese! Harriet Arkell works the curds beloved by Wallace & Gromit The words in a mnemonic sentence come from a fixed list of 2048 words ( specified by BIP39). Create checksum require 'digest' size = entropy.length / 32 # number of bits to take from hash of entropy (1 bit checksum for every 32 bits entropy) sha256 = Digest:: SHA256.digest(.pack( "B*")) # hash of entropy (in raw binary) checksum = sha256.unpack( "B*").join # get desired number of bits puts "checksum: # remove new lines from end of each word # Convert mnemonic to binary string binary = "" mnemonic.split( " ").each do |word| i = wordlist.index(word) # get word index number in wordlist bin = i.to_s( 2).rjust( 11, "0") # convert index number to an 11-bit number binary true Note: A mnemonic phrase is usually between 12 and 24 words. Tip: By adding 1 bit of checksum to every 32 bits of entropy, we will always end up with a multiple of 33 bits, which we can split up in to equal 11-bit chunks. Tip: An 11-bit number can hold a decimal number between 0-2047 (which is why there are 2048 words in the wordlist). Next we split this in to groups of 11 bits, convert these to decimal numbers, and use those numbers to select the corresponding words. We then take 1 bit of that hash for every 32 bits of entropy, and add it to the end of our entropy. This checksum is created by hashing the entropy through SHA256, which gives us a unique fingerprint for our entropy. ![]() ![]() Now that we’ve got our entropy we can encode it in to words.įirst of all, we add a checksum to our entropy to help detect errors (making the final sentence more user-friendly). ![]() Do not use your programming language’s default “random” function, as the numbers it produces are not random enough for cryptography. # For real world use, you should generate 128 to 256 bits (in a multiple of 32 bits).Ĭaution: Always use a secure random number generator for you entropy. Generate Entropy # - require 'securerandom' # library for generating bytes of entropy bytes = SecureRandom.random_bytes( 16) # 16 bytes = 128 bits (1 byte = 8 bits) entropy = bytes.unpack( "B*").join # convert bytes to a string of bits (base2) puts entropy #=> "1010110111011000110010010010111001001011001001010110001011100001" # Note: For the purposes of the examples on this page, I have actually generated 64 bits of entropy.
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